Difference between revisions of "Aristologia (1)"

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<span style="color:#3CB371">Complete text of entry:</span>
 
<span style="color:#3CB371">Complete text of entry:</span>
  
Aristologia Dyascorides dicitur a grecis fetalos et apiston quod fetis maxime sit apta unde nomen accepit. Eius tria sunt genera rotunda et longa et clematis. Rotunda dicitur femina folia habens edere similia odorata cum viscitudine obrotunda et mollia et lenia tactu multas virgas ex una radice habens longas, florem album et rotundum habet in medio crocei floris sed inutilis, radix est rotunda et odore non iocunda, gustu tamen non brumosa. Longa vero aristologia masculus est que et dactilis vocatur, folia habet oblonga et virgas tenues longitudine duarum palmarum, florem purpureum profert non odoratum et cum marcuerit sicut flos piri apparet, radix est illi robore digitali et odoris boni. Illa que dicitur clematis virgas habet tenues et longas folia obrotunda similia oridio minori - alia translatio habet sempervive minori -, florem similem rute, radicem oblongam et tenuem corium habentem crossum et odoratum quam pigmentarii ad confectionem oculorum miscent et reliquis medicamentis sicut rotunda et cetera. Plinius inter nobilissimas plantas aristologie gravide nomen dedisse videntur quattuor eius genera servant unum tuberibus radix similis rotundis foliis inter malvam et ederam nigrioribus mollioribusque, hanc feminam dicunt, alterum masculum radice longa quattuor digitorum longitudine baculi grossitudine, tertium longissime tenuitatis vitis novelle cuius sit precipua vis, que et clematis vocatur, ab aliis cretica. omnes colore buxeo caulibus parvis flore purpureo ferunt baculas parvas ut caparis, valent radice tantum. Est et que plistolochia vocatur quarti generis tenuior quam proxime dicta densis radicis capillamentis iunci plenioris grassitudine, hanc quidam polirizon nominant odor omnium medicatus, sed oblonge radici tenuiorique gratior, carnosi enim est corticis unguentis quoque nardinis conveniens et cetera.
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Aristologia Dyascorides dicitur a grecis fetalos et apiston quod fetis maxime sit apta unde nomen accepit. Eius tria sunt genera rotunda et longa et clematis. Rotunda dicitur femina folia habens edere similia odorata cum viscitudine obrotunda et mollia et lenia tactu multas virgas ex una radice habens longas, florem album et rotundum habet in medio crocei floris sed inutilis, radix est rotunda et odore non iocunda, gustu tamen non brumosa. Longa vero aristologia masculus est que et dactilis vocatur, folia habet oblonga et virgas tenues longitudine duarum palmarum, florem purpureum profert non odoratum et cum marcuerit sicut flos piri apparet, radix est illi robore digitali et odoris boni. Illa que dicitur clematis virgas habet tenues et longas folia obrotunda similia oridio minori - alia translatio habet sempervive minori -, florem similem rute, radicem oblongam et tenuem corium habentem crossum et odoratum quam pigmentarii ad confectionem oculorum miscent et reliquis medicamentis sicut rotunda et cetera. <br />
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Plinius inter nobilissimas plantas aristologie gravide nomen dedisse videntur quattuor eius genera servant unum tuberibus radix similis rotundis foliis inter malvam et ederam nigrioribus mollioribusque, hanc feminam dicunt, alterum masculum radice longa quattuor digitorum longitudine baculi grossitudine, tertium longissime tenuitatis vitis novelle cuius sit precipua vis, que et clematis vocatur, ab aliis cretica. omnes colore buxeo caulibus parvis flore purpureo ferunt baculas parvas ut caparis, valent radice tantum. Est et que plistolochia vocatur quarti generis tenuior quam proxime dicta densis radicis capillamentis iunci plenioris grassitudine, hanc quidam polirizon nominant odor omnium medicatus, sed oblonge radici tenuiorique gratior, carnosi enim est corticis unguentis quoque nardinis conveniens et cetera.
  
  
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<span style="color:#3CB371">Commentary</span>
 
<span style="color:#3CB371">Commentary</span>
  
Simon here quotes an excerpt from Dyascorides alphabeticus (cf. Bodmer, f 9v), which is ultimately derived from Dioscorides Longobardus, 3, 4, ed. Stadler (1899: 377-8), ''De aristolocia''. However the text has suffered a series of copying errors in the course of its transmission. The original Greek text can be found in 3, 4, ed. Wellmann (1906-14: II.6-8), ἀριστολοχεία /aristolokeía/.
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Simon here quotes an excerpt from Dyascorides alphabeticus (cf. Bodmer, f 9v), which is ultimately derived from Dioscorides Longobardus, 3, 4, ed. Stadler (1899: 377-8), ''De aristolocia''. However the text has suffered a series of copying errors in the course of its transmission. The original Greek text can be found in 3, 4, ed. Wellmann (1906-14: II.6-8), ἀριστολοχεία /aristolokheía/.
  
Latin ''aristolochia'' is loaned from Greek ἀριστολοχία /aristolokhía/ or ἀριστολοχεία /aristolokeía/, and its etymology is correctly explained by Dioscorides as meaning  ''aristo''- "best suited" for ''loch''- "women in childbed". Simon's form ''aristologia'' shows interference in the final element from the more common Greek word λόγος /lógos/.  
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Latin ''aristolochia'' is loaned from Greek ἀριστολοχία /aristolokhía/ or ἀριστολοχεία /aristolokheía/, and its etymology is correctly explained by Dioscorides as meaning  ''aristo''- "best suited" for ''loch''- "women in childbed". Simon's form ''aristologia'' shows interference in the final element from the more common Greek word λόγος /lógos/.  
  
 
The three aristologia plants mentioned are:
 
The three aristologia plants mentioned are:
 
   
 
   
The first kind: ''aristologia rotunda'', in Greek ἀριστολοχεία στρογγύλη /aristolokeía strongýlē/, also called θήλεια /thḗleia/ "the female plant";  
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The first kind: ''aristologia rotunda'', in Greek ἀριστολοχεία στρογγύλη /aristolokheía strongýlē/, also called θήλεια /thḗleia/ "the female plant";  
  
the second kind is ''aristologia longa'', in Greek ἀριστολοχεία μακρά /aristolokeía makrá/, also called ἄρρην /árrhēn/ "the male plant", as well as δακτυλῖτις /daktylîtis/ i.e. "shaped like a finger"; and  
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the second kind is ''aristologia longa'', in Greek ἀριστολοχεία μακρά /aristolokheía makrá/, also called ἄρρην /árrhēn/ "the male plant", as well as δακτυλῖτις /daktylîtis/ i.e. "shaped like a finger"; and  
  
 
the third kind: called ''clematis'' in all of Simon's witnesses except B, which has cleãtitis, and in the Greek original κληματῖτις /klēmatîtis/.
 
the third kind: called ''clematis'' in all of Simon's witnesses except B, which has cleãtitis, and in the Greek original κληματῖτις /klēmatîtis/.
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<span style="color:#3CB371">Pliny ctd.:</span>
 
<span style="color:#3CB371">Pliny ctd.:</span>
  
omnes colore buxeo caulibus parvis flore purpureo ferunt baculas parvas ut caparis, valent radice tantum. Est et que plistolochia vocatur quarti generis tenuior quam proxime dicta densis radicis capillamentis iunci{''see'' Commentary ''below''} plenioris grassitudine, hanc quidam polirizon nominant odor omnium medicatus, sed oblonge radici tenuiorique gratior, carnosi enim est corticis unguentis quoque nardinis conveniens et cetera.
+
omnes colore buxeo caulibus parvis flore purpureo ferunt baculas parvas ut caparis, valent radice tantum. Est et que plistolochia vocatur quarti generis tenuior quam proxime dicta densis radicis capillamentis iunci {''see'' Commentary ''below''} plenioris grassitudine, hanc quidam polirizon nominant odor omnium medicatus, sed oblonge radici tenuiorique gratior, carnosi enim est corticis unguentis quoque nardinis conveniens et cetera.
  
  
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<span style="color:#3CB371">Translation:</span>
 
<span style="color:#3CB371">Translation:</span>
  
All these aristologia plants are the colour of boxwood, with small stems, a purple flower, and they bear small berries like ''caparis'' {"caper"}, only in their root lies any medicinal value.  And the kind that is called ''plistolochia'' is the fourth kind, thinner than the previous one mentioned, it is of a dense root, with hairy fibres and of the thickness of a fuller ''iuncus'' {"bulrush"}, and some people call it ''polirizon''. The scent of all these plants is medicinal , but the scent of the oblong {aristologia} with a slender root is more agreeable; it even has a fleshy skin that is also suitable for ''nard'' ointments, etc.
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All these ''aristologia'' plants are the colour of boxwood, with small stems, a purple flower, and they bear small berries like ''caparis'' {"caper"}, only in their root lies any medicinal value.  And the kind that is called ''plistolochia'' is the fourth kind, thinner than the previous one mentioned, it is of a dense root, with hairy fibres and of the thickness of a fuller ''iuncus'' {"bulrush"}, and some people call it ''polirizon''. The scent of all these plants is medicinal , but the scent of the oblong {aristologia} with a slender root is more agreeable; it even has a fleshy skin that is also suitable for ''nard'' ointments, etc.
  
  
  
 
<div style="text-align: right; direction: ltr; margin-right: 1em;">[[Aritillum | Next entry]]</div>
 
<div style="text-align: right; direction: ltr; margin-right: 1em;">[[Aritillum | Next entry]]</div>

Latest revision as of 12:57, 11 November 2016

Complete text of entry:

Aristologia Dyascorides dicitur a grecis fetalos et apiston quod fetis maxime sit apta unde nomen accepit. Eius tria sunt genera rotunda et longa et clematis. Rotunda dicitur femina folia habens edere similia odorata cum viscitudine obrotunda et mollia et lenia tactu multas virgas ex una radice habens longas, florem album et rotundum habet in medio crocei floris sed inutilis, radix est rotunda et odore non iocunda, gustu tamen non brumosa. Longa vero aristologia masculus est que et dactilis vocatur, folia habet oblonga et virgas tenues longitudine duarum palmarum, florem purpureum profert non odoratum et cum marcuerit sicut flos piri apparet, radix est illi robore digitali et odoris boni. Illa que dicitur clematis virgas habet tenues et longas folia obrotunda similia oridio minori - alia translatio habet sempervive minori -, florem similem rute, radicem oblongam et tenuem corium habentem crossum et odoratum quam pigmentarii ad confectionem oculorum miscent et reliquis medicamentis sicut rotunda et cetera.
Plinius inter nobilissimas plantas aristologie gravide nomen dedisse videntur quattuor eius genera servant unum tuberibus radix similis rotundis foliis inter malvam et ederam nigrioribus mollioribusque, hanc feminam dicunt, alterum masculum radice longa quattuor digitorum longitudine baculi grossitudine, tertium longissime tenuitatis vitis novelle cuius sit precipua vis, que et clematis vocatur, ab aliis cretica. omnes colore buxeo caulibus parvis flore purpureo ferunt baculas parvas ut caparis, valent radice tantum. Est et que plistolochia vocatur quarti generis tenuior quam proxime dicta densis radicis capillamentis iunci plenioris grassitudine, hanc quidam polirizon nominant odor omnium medicatus, sed oblonge radici tenuiorique gratior, carnosi enim est corticis unguentis quoque nardinis conveniens et cetera.


Simon's text sectioned:

Dioscorides:

Aristologia Dyascorides dicitur a grecis fetalos et apiston quod fetis maxime sit apta, unde nomen accepit. Eius tria sunt genera rotunda et longa et clematis. Rotunda dicitur femina folia habens edere similia odorata cum viscitudine obrotunda et mollia et lenia tactu multas virgas ex una radice habens longas, florem album et rotundum habet in medio crocei floris {emendatio: in medio floris croceum, Wilf Gunther, see Commentary} sed inutilis, radix est rotunda et odore non iocunda, gustu tamen brumosa {emendatio: gustu tamen amaro et brumosa, Wilf Gunther, see Commentary}.


Apparatus

fetalos ABC | ferales e | foralos f | fetalõgos Dyasc. alphabet.| feta logos Diosco. Longob. {see Commentary}

fetis ABC | feris e | fecis f

unde next page repeated as nude B

tria sunt (sũt A) ABC e | tria f

rotũda & AC | rotunda (-tũda B) B e | ro. f

clematis (-tis e) AC e | clẽatis f | cleãtitis B | clematitis Diosc. Longob.; Dyasc. alphabet. | Graece κληματῖτις /klēmatîtis/

viscitudine A Diosc.Long. | uiscitudĩe B; Dyasc. alphabet. | vicissitudine (-cisi- e) C e f | Graece μετὰ δριμύτητος /metà drimýtētos/ {"with pungency"}

mollia AC e f | molia B

lenia tactu (& add. B) ABC e | leuia tactu f

album (-bũ A e) ABC e | al f

rotũdum (-uʒ C; -dũ A e) ABC e | ro f

crocei floris sed inutilis radix est rotunda om. e

crocei floris AC | crocei coloris (-ris f) B f {see Commentary}

radix est (illi add. B) rotunda

brumosa e f | brunosa B | non (nõ A) brumosa AC


Translation

Aristologia according to Dyascorides is given this name fetalos and apiston by the Greeks because it is medicinally most suitable to women delivering, and this is where it has got its name from {cf. Commentary}. There are three different kinds, the round one, the long one and clematis. The round one is called the female plant, it has leaves similar to hedera {"ivy"}, they are fragrant and with pungency, somewhat round and soft, and smooth to the touch. It has many oblong branches coming from a single root, with a white and round flower and in the middle of the flower it has something yellow {cf. Commentary}, which is however medicinally useless. Its root is round and of disagreeable odour, in taste {bitter and} it is foul smelling.


Commentary

Simon here quotes an excerpt from Dyascorides alphabeticus (cf. Bodmer, f 9v), which is ultimately derived from Dioscorides Longobardus, 3, 4, ed. Stadler (1899: 377-8), De aristolocia. However the text has suffered a series of copying errors in the course of its transmission. The original Greek text can be found in 3, 4, ed. Wellmann (1906-14: II.6-8), ἀριστολοχεία /aristolokheía/.

Latin aristolochia is loaned from Greek ἀριστολοχία /aristolokhía/ or ἀριστολοχεία /aristolokheía/, and its etymology is correctly explained by Dioscorides as meaning aristo- "best suited" for loch- "women in childbed". Simon's form aristologia shows interference in the final element from the more common Greek word λόγος /lógos/.

The three aristologia plants mentioned are:

The first kind: aristologia rotunda, in Greek ἀριστολοχεία στρογγύλη /aristolokheía strongýlē/, also called θήλεια /thḗleia/ "the female plant";

the second kind is aristologia longa, in Greek ἀριστολοχεία μακρά /aristolokheía makrá/, also called ἄρρην /árrhēn/ "the male plant", as well as δακτυλῖτις /daktylîtis/ i.e. "shaped like a finger"; and

the third kind: called clematis in all of Simon's witnesses except B, which has cleãtitis, and in the Greek original κληματῖτις /klēmatîtis/.

In the very first sentence seemingly two Greek synonyms are quoted, fetalos and apiston. But the Longobardic translation still preserves the meaning of the Greek original: Aristolocia dictum est, quae … a grecis feta logos dicitur, et apiston utile interpretant greci, et quod fetis maxime sit aptum, inde nomen accepit - "Aristolocia is so named because feta/ foeta {"a pregnant woman, a woman in childbed"} is called in Greek logos {= λοχός /lokhós/ id.} and {the first element} apiston {= ariston} translates from Greek as 'medicinally useful', because it is extremely suitable for women in childbed, and thus the plant got its name".

Already in Dyascorides alphabeticus it seems that feta logos was misunderstood to be a single word and a synonym fetalogos, and in consequent transmissions it was further corrupted, cf. Simon's fetalos, feralos, etc.

The phantom word apiston is the result of a simple mistransliteration of the Greek ΑΡΙΣΤΟ- as APISTO- rather than correct ARISTO- since the Greek capital letter P representing the sound /r/ is identical in shape with a Latin capital P.

A further textual difficulty concerns Simon's text : florem album et rotundum habet in medio crocei floris/ coloris sed inutilis, which translates as it stands: "It has a white and round flower in the middle of a saffron-yellow flower/ colour, which is however medicinally useless". This section reads in Dioscorides Longobardus: flores albos et rotundos habens medium floris croceum habens sed inutile – "it has round and white flowers and in the middle of the flower it has/ there is something saffron-yellow, which is however medicinally useless". This is closer to the Greek original p.7: ἄνθη λευκά, … τὸ δ' ἐν αὐτοῖς ἐρυθρόν δυσῶδες /ánthē leuká … tò d'en autoîs erythrón dysôdes/ – "it has white flowers, …, and the red {Simon has 'saffron-yellow'} component in them is smelling bad".

The last sentence of this section anticipates a statement at the end of the next section, q.v., describing aristologia longa, where the roots of the round and the long aristologia are compared. Dioscorides Longobardus reads: Radix eius {sc. aristolocie rotunde} rotunda est … Ambo {i.e. aristolocia rotunda et longa} … gustu tamen amaro et bromo plena est – "The root of the round aristolocia is round … Both (i.e. the root of the round and the long aristolocia} are bitter in taste and smell badly"


Pliny:

Plinius inter nobilissimas plantas aristologie gravide nomen dedisse videntur quattuor eius genera servant unum tuberibus radix similis rotundis foliis inter malvam et ederam nigrioribus mollioribusque, hanc feminam dicunt, alterum masculum radice longa quattuor digitorum longitudine baculi grossitudine, tertium longissime tenuitatis vitis novelle cuius sit precipua vis, que et clematis vocatur, ab aliis cretica.


Apparatus:

aristologie AC e f | aristolochie B

grauide B e f Pliny | grande AC

videtur AC f | uidẽt~ B e | videntur Pliny

quattuor (quatt- A) AC | quatuor e | .iiii. B | 4 or f {uses an early modern Arabic numeral symbol for 4 of the Hans Talhoffer variety, which is markedly different from the modern version}

vnum (-nũ A e; -nuʒ f) AC e f | seruãt unũ B | servant: unum Pliny

radix similis (sil'is A f) AC e f | radicũ B | radicis rotundis Pliny

mollioribusque AC e f | molioribus uel pĩguioribusque B

longa C e f | lõga A | lũga B

quattuor (quatt- A) AC | quatuor e | .iiii. B | 4 or f {see comment 4 or above}

grossitudine AC | grositudĩe B | crossitudine e | om. f

tertium (-iũ A) AC | terciũ B | Tercio e | 3 m f

novelle cuius sit precipua vis, om. e

nouelle AC f | nouele B

cuius (cuius A; cuius f) sit AC f | cui sit B

vis AC f | uix B

clematis (-tis f) AC e f | clematitis B | clematis or clematitis depending on codd. and prints. Pliny

cretica ABC e | cerica f


Translation:

Among the most renowned plants, it appears that women in childbed have given the name to aristologia. People distinguish 4 kinds of this plant, number one: the root is similar to tubers, the plant is with round leaves in a shape between malva {"mallow"} and hedera {"ivy"}, but darker and softer; they call this plant the female plant. The next kind is the male plant, with a long root, 4 fingers in length and the thickness of a stick. The third kind is very long, of the thinness of a young vine, of which the medicinal property is outstanding, and it is also called clematis, but others call it cretica.

Pliny ctd.:

omnes colore buxeo caulibus parvis flore purpureo ferunt baculas parvas ut caparis, valent radice tantum. Est et que plistolochia vocatur quarti generis tenuior quam proxime dicta densis radicis capillamentis iunci {see Commentary below} plenioris grassitudine, hanc quidam polirizon nominant odor omnium medicatus, sed oblonge radici tenuiorique gratior, carnosi enim est corticis unguentis quoque nardinis conveniens et cetera.


Apparatus:

colore AC e f | colores B

buxeo ABC | busseo e | buseo f {"x" pronounced /s/, cf. Mod. Italian bosso "box tree"},

ferunt (-ũt B e) ABC e | fert f

caparis AC | cappari e f | capari B

valent radice tantum. om. f

Est et que C | ē et que B | Est et (& A) que A f | Et que e

plistolochia AC Pliny | plyystolochia e | phistologia f | pistolochia B

vocatur (-at~ A) AC e | uocat~ B | vocant f

dense AC e | dempse f | dẽsis B | densis Pliny

capillamẽtis AC e | capilamentis (-tis f) B f

iuncti (iũcti B f ) ABC e | iunci Pliny, scripsi Wilf Gunther

grassitudine AC e | grositudine B | om. f

pollirizon C | polirizon (-zõ e) B e f | polliziriõ A | polyrrhizon Pliny

medicatus (-tus A f) AC e f | meditatus B

oblonge (-lõgo A) radici (-ice f) AC e f | oblõgo radie B {'c' missed out}

tenuiorique (-que B) ABC e | tenuiorisque f

gratior ABC e | gracior f

carnosi ABC f | Cariosi e

est om. e

vnguenti AC | unguentis (ũg- B) B e | vnguentis f

nardinis BC e f | nardis A

{to conveniens B adds ē = est}

et cetera om. e f


Translation:

All these aristologia plants are the colour of boxwood, with small stems, a purple flower, and they bear small berries like caparis {"caper"}, only in their root lies any medicinal value. And the kind that is called plistolochia is the fourth kind, thinner than the previous one mentioned, it is of a dense root, with hairy fibres and of the thickness of a fuller iuncus {"bulrush"}, and some people call it polirizon. The scent of all these plants is medicinal , but the scent of the oblong {aristologia} with a slender root is more agreeable; it even has a fleshy skin that is also suitable for nard ointments, etc.


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