Difference between revisions of "B littera"

From Simon Online
Jump to: navigation, search
(Created page with "B litteram greci vita vocant et in sono .u. consonantis proferunt. Nam dicunt vasilica, latini vero in sonum nostri .b. transferunt et dicunt basilica, aliter aut greci litteram...")
 
(The equivalents of the letter "B" in Greek and Arabic.)
Line 1: Line 1:
 
B litteram greci vita vocant et in sono .u. consonantis proferunt. Nam dicunt vasilica, latini vero in sonum nostri .b. transferunt  et dicunt basilica, aliter aut greci litteram .b. non proferunt nisi quando .m. antecedit .p. tunc illud .p. in sono .b. proferunt, nam scribunt ampelos et legunt ambelos .b. vero arabes eodem modo secundam scribunt in serie sicut latini et eundem sonum habet, verum sepe sine vocali aliqua per additionem notarum variatur et facit ba, be, bi, bo, vel bu, ut cetere consonantes eorum.
 
B litteram greci vita vocant et in sono .u. consonantis proferunt. Nam dicunt vasilica, latini vero in sonum nostri .b. transferunt  et dicunt basilica, aliter aut greci litteram .b. non proferunt nisi quando .m. antecedit .p. tunc illud .p. in sono .b. proferunt, nam scribunt ampelos et legunt ambelos .b. vero arabes eodem modo secundam scribunt in serie sicut latini et eundem sonum habet, verum sepe sine vocali aliqua per additionem notarum variatur et facit ba, be, bi, bo, vel bu, ut cetere consonantes eorum.
 +
 +
 +
The Greeks’ name for the letter B is “vita” and in sound they pronounce it like the consonant “v”. For they say vasilica, but we Latin speakers assign to it the sound of our “b” and we say basilica. On no other occasion do the Greeks pronounce the sound ‘b’ unless “m” precedes a “p”; then this “p” they pronounce like a ‘b’; i.e. they write ampelos but they read it as ambelos with ‘b’.
 +
 +
The Arabs also write this letter as the second in their alphabetic sequence just like the Latins and it has the same sound value; but often it is written without any vowel and is only changed by the addition of diacritics which then results in ba, be, bi, bo or bu, something they do with their other consonants, too.
 +
 +
 +
<span style="color:#3CB371">Commentary:</span>
 +
 +
Simon comments on some Koine Greek sound changes.
 +
The change from ‘b’ > ‘v’ occurred relatively early in the 1st century AD.
 +
Also “η” > “ι”, /ē/ > /i/, which results in Classical Greek /bḗta/ > /vita/, the latter pronunciation is also used in Modern Greek.
 +
 +
Somewhat later the sound ‘p’ - represented by “π” - when preceded by “μ” = ‘m’ became voiced in this environment in Koine, i.e. it changed into ‘b’. Simon choses for illustration the word ἄμπελος Classical Greek /ámpelos/ but Koine /ámbelos/ “any climbing plant with tendrils, esp. grape-vine”. This sound change is also characteristic of Modern Greek, cf. Ὄλυμπος written /Ólympos/ but pronounced /Ólimbos/. 
 +
 +
Concerning Arabic Simon rightly says that on the whole only consonants are written down, but the Arabic script has diacritic marks available for three distinct places of vowel articulation: i,ī - u,ū – a,ā. However these diacritics are only ever used in exceptional circumstances, e.g. to disambiguate holy texts.
 +
 +
Simon’s apparently un-Arabic syllables “be” and “bo “reflect variant Arabic pronunciations as heard by Europeans but not felt to be any different by native speakers of Arabic; cf. the appropriate section on vowels in Arabic in [[A littera]].

Revision as of 17:23, 31 December 2011

B litteram greci vita vocant et in sono .u. consonantis proferunt. Nam dicunt vasilica, latini vero in sonum nostri .b. transferunt et dicunt basilica, aliter aut greci litteram .b. non proferunt nisi quando .m. antecedit .p. tunc illud .p. in sono .b. proferunt, nam scribunt ampelos et legunt ambelos .b. vero arabes eodem modo secundam scribunt in serie sicut latini et eundem sonum habet, verum sepe sine vocali aliqua per additionem notarum variatur et facit ba, be, bi, bo, vel bu, ut cetere consonantes eorum.


The Greeks’ name for the letter B is “vita” and in sound they pronounce it like the consonant “v”. For they say vasilica, but we Latin speakers assign to it the sound of our “b” and we say basilica. On no other occasion do the Greeks pronounce the sound ‘b’ unless “m” precedes a “p”; then this “p” they pronounce like a ‘b’; i.e. they write ampelos but they read it as ambelos with ‘b’.

The Arabs also write this letter as the second in their alphabetic sequence just like the Latins and it has the same sound value; but often it is written without any vowel and is only changed by the addition of diacritics which then results in ba, be, bi, bo or bu, something they do with their other consonants, too.


Commentary:

Simon comments on some Koine Greek sound changes. The change from ‘b’ > ‘v’ occurred relatively early in the 1st century AD. Also “η” > “ι”, /ē/ > /i/, which results in Classical Greek /bḗta/ > /vita/, the latter pronunciation is also used in Modern Greek.

Somewhat later the sound ‘p’ - represented by “π” - when preceded by “μ” = ‘m’ became voiced in this environment in Koine, i.e. it changed into ‘b’. Simon choses for illustration the word ἄμπελος Classical Greek /ámpelos/ but Koine /ámbelos/ “any climbing plant with tendrils, esp. grape-vine”. This sound change is also characteristic of Modern Greek, cf. Ὄλυμπος written /Ólympos/ but pronounced /Ólimbos/.

Concerning Arabic Simon rightly says that on the whole only consonants are written down, but the Arabic script has diacritic marks available for three distinct places of vowel articulation: i,ī - u,ū – a,ā. However these diacritics are only ever used in exceptional circumstances, e.g. to disambiguate holy texts.

Simon’s apparently un-Arabic syllables “be” and “bo “reflect variant Arabic pronunciations as heard by Europeans but not felt to be any different by native speakers of Arabic; cf. the appropriate section on vowels in Arabic in A littera.