Difference between revisions of "Pontica"

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(Pontica nux according to Stephanus.)
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<span style="color:#3CB371">Commentary:</span>
 
<span style="color:#3CB371">Commentary:</span>
  
''Pontica'': <br />
+
''Pontica''/ ''Abellina'': <br />
 
κάρυα Ποντικά /kárya Pontiká/ “nuts from the Pontus region”, occurs in the Greek Dioscorides 1, 125 De materia medica,  
 
κάρυα Ποντικά /kárya Pontiká/ “nuts from the Pontus region”, occurs in the Greek Dioscorides 1, 125 De materia medica,  
 
Wellmann (1906-14: I. 114/115) [[http://cmg.bbaw.de/epubl/online/wa_dioscurides_mat_med_lib_1_2.html]]. This name is calqued into Latin as ''nuces Ponticae'', which Pliny 15, 24, ed. Rackham (1938-63: IV 350) helpfully clears up: … ''antea Abellinas patriae nomine appellabant; in Asiam Graeciamque e Ponto venere eae ideoque et …. Ponticae nuces vocantur'' – “they were formerly called by a name depicting their origin: ''Abellinae'' {i.e. from the Campanian town of Abella}, but they arrived in Asia and Greece from the Pontus region {i.e. from the southern shores of the Black Sea} and are therefore called 'Pontic nuts'".  
 
Wellmann (1906-14: I. 114/115) [[http://cmg.bbaw.de/epubl/online/wa_dioscurides_mat_med_lib_1_2.html]]. This name is calqued into Latin as ''nuces Ponticae'', which Pliny 15, 24, ed. Rackham (1938-63: IV 350) helpfully clears up: … ''antea Abellinas patriae nomine appellabant; in Asiam Graeciamque e Ponto venere eae ideoque et …. Ponticae nuces vocantur'' – “they were formerly called by a name depicting their origin: ''Abellinae'' {i.e. from the Campanian town of Abella}, but they arrived in Asia and Greece from the Pontus region {i.e. from the southern shores of the Black Sea} and are therefore called 'Pontic nuts'".  
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''Bondacha'': <br />
 
''Bondacha'': <br />
 
Cf. Siggel (1950: 21) s.v. ﺑﻨﺪﻕ /bunduq/ (Betulac.), Haselnuß; … v. lat. pontica {i.e. "hazelnut… from Latin pontica”}. Simon’s and Stephanus’ form represents the nomen unitatis ﺑﻨﺪﻗﺔ /bunduqa/ i.e. “one hazelnut”. <br />  
 
Cf. Siggel (1950: 21) s.v. ﺑﻨﺪﻕ /bunduq/ (Betulac.), Haselnuß; … v. lat. pontica {i.e. "hazelnut… from Latin pontica”}. Simon’s and Stephanus’ form represents the nomen unitatis ﺑﻨﺪﻗﺔ /bunduqa/ i.e. “one hazelnut”. <br />  
Karbstein (2002: 80, 91) shows a vocalisation closer to Simon’s: ﺑﻨﺪﻕ /bundaq/.
+
Karbstein (2002: 80, 91) shows a vocalisation closer to Simon’s: ﺑﻨﺪﻕ /bundaq/. <br />
 +
The ultimate source of the word is Greek Ποντικόν /Pontikón/. <br />
 
See also [[Bondoch]]
 
See also [[Bondoch]]
  
 
''carua'': <br />
 
''carua'': <br />
 
Greek κάρυον /káryon/, pl. κάρυα /kárya/ means “any kind of nut”; names for different nuts are distinguished by adding an epithet. ''Pontica'' {sc. nux}, i.e. ‘from the Pontus region’, denotes the “filbert, hazelnut”. κάρυον Ποντικόν /káryon Pontikón/, is attested in the Greek Dioscorides op.cit. and in Dioscorides Longobardus 1, 136, ed. Mihăescu, (1938: 67)  also available online: Hofmann, K. & Auracher, T. M. eds., (1883: 102, 1st col., line 16ff) ΡΛϚ’ (136) De pistacia, [[http://www.digizeitschriften.de/dms/img/?PID=GDZPPN001190709&physid=phys108#navi]].
 
Greek κάρυον /káryon/, pl. κάρυα /kárya/ means “any kind of nut”; names for different nuts are distinguished by adding an epithet. ''Pontica'' {sc. nux}, i.e. ‘from the Pontus region’, denotes the “filbert, hazelnut”. κάρυον Ποντικόν /káryon Pontikón/, is attested in the Greek Dioscorides op.cit. and in Dioscorides Longobardus 1, 136, ed. Mihăescu, (1938: 67)  also available online: Hofmann, K. & Auracher, T. M. eds., (1883: 102, 1st col., line 16ff) ΡΛϚ’ (136) De pistacia, [[http://www.digizeitschriften.de/dms/img/?PID=GDZPPN001190709&physid=phys108#navi]].
 
  
  

Revision as of 11:45, 19 October 2016

Pontica Stephanus bondacha et est avellana et alibi carua pontica scripsit.


Apparatus:

bõdacha AC p | bondica b | bondaca f | bondaca or bondata j | bendacha ms. e
auellana AC ep | auelana B j | auelaa f


Translation:

Pontica according to Stephanus in his Breviarium corresponds to Arabic bondacha and to Latin avellana (“hazelnut”}; and he lists it again under carua pontica.


Commentary:

Pontica/ Abellina:
κάρυα Ποντικά /kárya Pontiká/ “nuts from the Pontus region”, occurs in the Greek Dioscorides 1, 125 De materia medica, Wellmann (1906-14: I. 114/115) [[1]]. This name is calqued into Latin as nuces Ponticae, which Pliny 15, 24, ed. Rackham (1938-63: IV 350) helpfully clears up: … antea Abellinas patriae nomine appellabant; in Asiam Graeciamque e Ponto venere eae ideoque et …. Ponticae nuces vocantur – “they were formerly called by a name depicting their origin: Abellinae {i.e. from the Campanian town of Abella}, but they arrived in Asia and Greece from the Pontus region {i.e. from the southern shores of the Black Sea} and are therefore called 'Pontic nuts'".

Bondacha:
Cf. Siggel (1950: 21) s.v. ﺑﻨﺪﻕ /bunduq/ (Betulac.), Haselnuß; … v. lat. pontica {i.e. "hazelnut… from Latin pontica”}. Simon’s and Stephanus’ form represents the nomen unitatis ﺑﻨﺪﻗﺔ /bunduqa/ i.e. “one hazelnut”.
Karbstein (2002: 80, 91) shows a vocalisation closer to Simon’s: ﺑﻨﺪﻕ /bundaq/.
The ultimate source of the word is Greek Ποντικόν /Pontikón/.
See also Bondoch

carua:
Greek κάρυον /káryon/, pl. κάρυα /kárya/ means “any kind of nut”; names for different nuts are distinguished by adding an epithet. Pontica {sc. nux}, i.e. ‘from the Pontus region’, denotes the “filbert, hazelnut”. κάρυον Ποντικόν /káryon Pontikón/, is attested in the Greek Dioscorides op.cit. and in Dioscorides Longobardus 1, 136, ed. Mihăescu, (1938: 67) also available online: Hofmann, K. & Auracher, T. M. eds., (1883: 102, 1st col., line 16ff) ΡΛϚ’ (136) De pistacia, [[2]].


Simon rightly says that Stephanus has two entries in his Breviarium concerning the hazelnut/ filbert:

His first entry is: Pontica bendaca [[3]] - "{Latin} Pontica {corresponds to Arabic} bendaca"

2) The second entry is: Kacua {‘r’ misread as ‘c’} põtica bendacũ & ē gelusum [[4]] – "{Greek} Karya pontica {correspond to Arabic} bendacum and gelusum".

N.b. The ‘e’ in bendaca / bendacum may simply be the result of misreading ‘o’ in bondaca, on the other hand Karbstein (2002:92), who portrays Andalusi Arabic, has in addition to the vocalisation for this word shown above also a form /banduq/.

gelusum:
Cf. Siggel (1950: 26): ﺟﻠﻮﺯ /ğillauz/ = /bunduq/
bendacum and gelusum were given a latinising ending –um by Stephanus. See also Geloum


Botanical identification:

The genus Corylus [[5]] comprises 14 – 18 species of shrubs and trees, of which Corylus avellana L, “the common hazelnut (tree)” [[6]] is widely distributed over temperate Europe and beyond as far as into Iran. Its nuts have been collected since the Neolithic, they were well known to the Greeks and Romans and even Charlemagne mentioned Avelanarios {“hazelnut trees”} in his Capitulare LXX [[7]]. And to this day wild growing “cob nuts” are still collected from hedgerows. At an unknown date the tree was taken into cultivation not only for its nuts but for its wood as well as, e.g. its branches were used for agricultural hurdles.

There is also a second species Corylus maxima Mill. “filbert” [[8]], but be warned that filbert and hazelnut are often used interchangeably. Its original distribution is more restricted, i.e. from South-Eastern Europe to Asia Minor although it has been planted successfully further west and north in Europe. As its botanical name indicates the C. maxima nut is bigger than that of C. avellana, and since both species are fully inter-fertile, hybridisation - random in the wild and on purpose in cultivation - is common. Pliny’s statement that they were called avellinae but that they came originally from the Black Sea seems to point to C. maxima since the common hazelnut had always been available in the wild in most of Europe.

It is difficult to distinguish these two species and pontica {sc. nux} could have been either of them or both.
P.S. Modern hazelnuts are mostly harvested directly from C. maxima or from hybridised C. avallana trees. Cf. Zohary et al. (2012: 151)


WilfGunther (talk) 22:55, 1 August 2016 (BST)


See also Karion, Bondoch , Geloum


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